Convergence of a Critical Multitype Bellman-Harris Process

TL;DR

This paper investigates the long-term behavior of a two-type critical branching particle system with symmetric stable motions, demonstrating convergence to a non-trivial limiting population under various lifetime distribution scenarios.

Contribution

It introduces new techniques for analyzing the asymptotic behavior of critical multitype branching processes, including cases with heavy-tailed lifetimes.

Findings

Convergence of the particle system to a non-trivial limit as time approaches infinity.

Existence of a limiting distribution proven using the Extended Final Value Theorem.

Non-extinction of the limiting population established with novel techniques.

Abstract

In this work, we study a two-type critical branching particle system in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$, where particles follow symmetric stable motions, with type-dependent lifetimes and offspring distributions. Our main result is the convergence as $t\to\infty$ of the particle system to a non-trivial limiting population, focusing on two cases: (1) all particle lifetimes have finite mean, or (2) one type has a lifetime distribution with a heavy tail, while the others have finite mean. This complements previous results on extinction \cite{Kevei}. Using the Extended Final Value Theorem, we prove the existence of a limiting distribution for the particle system. The non extinction of the limiting population is demonstrated using a technique inspired in \cite{Fino}. These results describe the long-term behavior of the particle system, highlighting the interaction between mobility, longevity, and offspring variability. Additionally, the study of a particle system with a finite number of types would follow analogously with the techniques presented here. Our approach introduces new techniques for the asymptotic study of critical multitype branching processes.