Nanosecond Precision Time Synchronization for Optical Data Center Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces NOS, a nanosecond-precision synchronization method for optical data center networks, enabling accurate timing essential for routing and improving network performance.

Contribution

It presents the first general nanosecond-precision synchronization solution for optical DCNs, including clock tree construction, drift prediction, and protocol adaptations.

Findings

Achieves 28ns synchronization accuracy in a 192-ToR network

Builds clock propagation trees on reconfigurable optical circuits

Predicts drift to minimize synchronization errors

Abstract

Optical data center networks (DCNs) are renovating the infrastructure design for the cloud in the post Moore's law era. The fact that optical DCNs rely on optical circuits of microsecond-scale durations makes nanosecond-precision time synchronization essential for the correct functioning of routing on the network fabric. However, current studies on optical DCNs neglect the fundamental need for accurate time synchronization. In this paper, we bridge the gap by developing Nanosecond Optical Synchronization (NOS), the first nanosecond-precision synchronization solution for optical DCNs general to various optical hardware. NOS builds clock propagation trees on top of the dynamically reconfigured circuits in optical DCNs, allowing switches to seek better sync parents throughout time. It predicts drifts in the tree-building process, which enables minimization of sync errors. We also tailor today's sync protocols to the needs of optical DCNs, including reducing the number of sync messages to fit into short circuit durations and correcting timestamp errors for higher sync accuracy. Our implementation on programmable switches shows 28ns sync accuracy in a 192-ToR setting.