The self-attractive ultralight axion and its time scale of collapsing in general relativistic framework

TL;DR

This paper investigates how ultralight axion dark matter can collapse under gravity in a relativistic framework to form supermassive black holes early in the universe, supporting models consistent with JWST observations.

Contribution

It extends non-relativistic collapse conditions of ultralight axion dark matter to a general relativistic context, estimating SMBH formation timescales and scales.

Findings

Supports ultralight axion model as SMBH origin

Estimates SMBH formation timescale in relativistic framework

Aligns with JWST observations of early universe objects

Abstract

The formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high red shift $z$ by ultralight axion dark matter (DM) is discussed in the general relativistic framework. The critical condition of collapsing of self-attracting DM in non-relativistic treatment corresponds to dust particle, which allows to estimate the time scale of the SMBH formation and the its length scale in the general relativistic framework. It gives the support of ultralight axion model based on the string model as the origins of the early universe SMBH and the Little Red Dots (LRDs) etc. observed by JWST.