The role of magnetic boundaries in kinematic and self-consistent magnetohydrodynamic simulations of precession-driven dynamo action in a closed cylinder

TL;DR

This study compares kinematic and self-consistent magnetohydrodynamic simulations of precession-driven dynamo action in a cylindrical cavity, highlighting the influence of boundary properties and turbulence on dynamo onset and behavior.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison between simplified kinematic models and full MHD simulations, revealing the impact of boundary conditions and turbulence on dynamo thresholds and dynamics.

Findings

Dynamo onset shows a minimum in a transitional turbulent regime.

External layer properties significantly affect the critical magnetic Reynolds number.

Nonlinear MHD reveals small-scale dynamo with intermittent magnetic bursts.

Abstract

We numerically examine dynamo action generated by a flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a precessing cylindrical cavity. We compare a simplified kinematic approach based on the solution of the magnetic induction equation with a prescribed velocity field with the results from a self-consistent three-dimensional simulation of the complete set of magnetohydrodynamic equations. In all cases, we observe a minimum for the onset of dynamo action in a transitional regime, within which the hydrodynamic flow undergoes a change from a large-scale to a more small-scale, turbulent behaviour. However, significant differences in the absolute values for the critical magnetic Reynolds number occur depending on the physical properties of the external layers surrounding the flow active domain. The strong influence of the electromagnetic properties of outer layers with the large variation of the critical magnetic Reynolds number can be related to the existence of two different branches with dynamo action. In contrast to the kinematic models, the nonlinear MHD simulations reveal a small scale dynamo solution with the magnetic energy remaining significantly smaller than the kinetic energy of the flow. In irregular intervals, we observe dynamo bursts with a local concentration of the magnetic field, resulting in a global increase of the magnetic energy by a factor of 3 to 5. However, diffusion of the local patches caused by strong local shear is too rapid, causing these features to exist for only a short period so that their dynamical impact on the dynamo remains small.