HD 28185 Revisited: An Outer Planet, Instead of a Brown Dwarf, On a Saturn-like Orbit

TL;DR

This study reanalyzes the HD 28185 system using 22 years of data, confirming the presence of a temperate giant planet and revising a second companion to a super-Jovian on a Saturn-like orbit, illustrating advances in exoplanet detection.

Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive reanalysis of HD 28185, clarifying the nature of its planetary companions with updated parameters and demonstrating the routine detection of giant planets at large orbital distances.

Findings

HD 28185 b is a temperate giant planet with an Earth-like incident flux.

HD 28185 c is a super-Jovian planet with a Saturn-like orbit.

The study highlights the increasing routine detection of giant planets at ~10 AU.

Abstract

As exoplanet surveys reach ever-higher sensitivities and durations, planets analogous to the solar system giant planets are increasingly within reach. HD 28185 is a Sun-like star known to host a $m\sin i=6 M_J$ planet on an Earth-like orbit; more recently, a brown dwarf with a more distant orbit has been claimed. In this work we present a comprehensive reanalysis of the HD 28185 system, based on 22 years of radial velocity observations and precision Hipparcos-Gaia astrometry. We confirm the previous characterisation of HD 28185 b as a temperate giant planet, with its $385.92^{+0.06}_{-0.07}$ day orbital period giving it an Earth-like incident flux. In contrast, we substantially revise the parameters of HD 28185 c; with a new mass of $m=6.0\pm0.6 M_J$ we reclassify this companion as a super-jovian planet. HD 28185 c has an orbital period of $24.9^{+1.3}_{-1.1}$ years, a semi-major axis of $8.50^{+0.29}_{-0.26}$ AU, and a modest eccentricity of $0.15\pm0.04$, resulting in one of the most Saturn-like orbits of any known exoplanet. HD 28185 c lies at the current intersection of detection limits for RVs and direct imaging, and highlights how the discovery of giant planets at $\approx$10 AU separations is becoming increasingly routine.