From Barriers to Tactics: A Behavioral Science-Informed Agentic Workflow for Personalized Nutrition Coaching

TL;DR

This paper presents a behavioral science-informed, LLM-powered agentic workflow for personalized nutrition coaching that identifies patient-specific barriers and provides tailored strategies to improve dietary habits in cardiometabolic patients.

Contribution

It introduces a novel LLM-based system that personalizes nutrition coaching by targeting individual barriers, validated through user studies and large-scale simulations.

Findings

Accurately identifies patient barriers

Provides personalized, evidence-based tactics

Demonstrates scalability and effectiveness

Abstract

Effective management of cardiometabolic conditions requires sustained positive nutrition habits, often hindered by complex and individualized barriers. Direct human management is simply not scalable, while previous attempts aimed at automating nutrition coaching lack the personalization needed to address these diverse challenges. This paper introduces a novel LLM-powered agentic workflow designed to provide personalized nutrition coaching by directly targeting and mitigating patient-specific barriers. Grounded in behavioral science principles, the workflow leverages a comprehensive mapping of nutrition-related barriers to corresponding evidence-based strategies. A specialized LLM agent intentionally probes for and identifies the root cause of a patient's dietary struggles. Subsequently, a separate LLM agent delivers tailored tactics designed to overcome those specific barriers with patient context. We designed and validated our approach through a user study with individuals with cardiometabolic conditions, demonstrating the system's ability to accurately identify barriers and provide personalized guidance. Furthermore, we conducted a large-scale simulation study, grounding on real patient vignettes and expert-validated metrics, to evaluate the system's performance across a wide range of scenarios. Our findings demonstrate the potential of this LLM-powered agentic workflow to improve nutrition coaching by providing personalized, scalable, and behaviorally-informed interventions.