Problems of dark atom cosmology

TL;DR

This paper investigates key cosmological issues of dark atom models, focusing on particle excess balancing, formation of anomalous isotopes, and multi-atom systems during nucleosynthesis.

Contribution

It addresses unresolved problems in dark atom cosmology, including particle excess balance, isotope formation, and multi-atom system development.

Findings

Balance of superheavy particle excess via sphaleron transitions.

Potential formation of anomalous isotopes due to light nuclei capture.

Feasibility of multi dark atom systems during nucleosynthesis.

Abstract

The dark atoms $XHe$ are the composite Thomson like atomic dark matter candidates. We address two cosmological problems of this model. The excess of new superheavy particles with even negative charge $X^{-2n}$ over the corresponding antiparticles is balanced by sphaleron transitions with baryon asymmetry and the mass range of $X$ particles should be specified at which this excess can provide dominance of dark atoms in the dark matter density. The other problem is possible capture of light nuclei by dark atoms, which can lead to formation of anomalous isotopes. The possibility of formation of multi dark atom systems at the nucleosynthesis stage is also studied. We approach these open questions of dark atom cosmology in the present work.