Azimuthal Correlation Anisotropies in p + p Collisions Simulated by Pythia

TL;DR

This paper investigates azimuthal correlation anisotropies in simulated proton-proton collisions using Pythia 8, revealing qualitative similarities to experimental data and emphasizing the importance of understanding nonflow effects in small systems.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of azimuthal anisotropies in p+p collisions simulated by Pythia, serving as a benchmark for experimental data interpretation.

Findings

Azimuthal anisotropies are qualitatively similar to experimental observations.

Nonflow correlations significantly influence azimuthal anisotropy measurements.

Pythia simulations can serve as a pedagogical tool for understanding small-system collectivity.

Abstract

Stimulated by the keen interest of possible collective behavior in high-energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions, we study two-particle angular correlations in pseudorapidity and azimuthal differences in simulated p + p interactions by the Pythia 8 event generator. Multi-parton interactions and color connection are included in these simulations which have been perceived to produce collectivity in final-state particles. Meanwhile, contributions from genuine few-body nonflow correlations, not of collective flow behavior, are known to be severe in those small-system collisions. We present our Pythia correlation studies in a pedagogical way and report azimuthal harmonic anisotropies analyzed by several methods. We observe anisotropies in those Pythia simulated events qualitatively and semi-quantitatively similar to experimental data. Our findings highlight the delicate nature of azimuthal anisotropies in small-system collisions, and provide a benchmark helping improve data analysis and interpret experimental measurements in small-system collisions.