Arc-disjoint in- and out-branchings in semicomplete split digraphs

TL;DR

This paper proves that every 2-arc-strong semicomplete split digraph contains a pair of arc-disjoint in- and out-branchings for any vertices, confirming a recent conjecture and advancing understanding of digraph structures.

Contribution

The paper establishes that all 2-arc-strong semicomplete split digraphs have good pairs for any vertices, confirming a conjecture by Bang-Jensen and Wang.

Findings

Every 2-arc-strong semicomplete split digraph contains a good (u,v)-pair.

The result applies to any choice of vertices u and v.

It confirms a conjecture by Bang-Jensen and Wang.

Abstract

An \emph{out-tree (in-tree)} is an oriented tree where every vertex except one, called the \emph{root}, has in-degree (out-degree) one. An \emph{out-branching $B^+_u$ (in-branching $B^-_u$)} of a digraph $D$ is a spanning out-tree (in-tree) rooted at $u$. A \emph{good $(u,v)$-pair} in $D$ is a pair of branchings $B^+_u, B^-_v$ which are arc-disjoint. Thomassen proved that deciding whether a digraph has any good pair is NP-complete. A \emph{semicomplete split digraph} is a digraph where the vertex set is the disjoint union of two non-empty sets, $V_1$ and $V_2$, such that $V_1$ is an independent set, the subdigraph induced by $V_2$ is semicomplete, and every vertex in $V_1$ is adjacent to every vertex in $V_2$. In this paper, we prove that every $2$-arc-strong semicomplete split digraph $D$ contains a good $(u, v)$-pair for any choice of vertices $u, v$ of $D$, thereby confirming a conjecture by Bang-Jensen and Wang [Bang-Jensen and Wang, J. Graph Theory, 2024].