Proposal of quantum repeater architecture based on Rydberg atom quantum processors

TL;DR

This paper proposes a scalable quantum repeater architecture using Rydberg atom processors and optical cavities, enabling high-fidelity entanglement distribution over local and metropolitan distances for quantum networks.

Contribution

It introduces a novel architecture combining Rydberg atoms and optical cavities for efficient entanglement generation, purification, and swapping in quantum networks.

Findings

Achieves 99% fidelity Bell states at 1.1 kHz over 0.1 km

Extends to 25 km with 0.1 kHz rate using frequency converters

Demonstrates scalability for intercity quantum communication

Abstract

Realizing large-scale quantum networks requires the generation of high-fidelity quantum entanglement states between remote quantum nodes, a key resource for quantum communication, distributed computation and sensing applications. However, entanglement distribution between quantum network nodes is hindered by optical transmission loss and local operation errors. Here, we propose a novel quantum repeater architecture that synergistically integrates Rydberg atom quantum processors with optical cavities to overcome these challenges. Our scheme leverages cavity-mediated interactions for efficient remote entanglement generation, followed by Rydberg interaction-based entanglement purification and swapping. Numerical simulations, incorporating realistic experimental parameters, demonstrate the generation of Bell states with 99\% fidelity at rates of 1.1\,kHz between two nodes in local-area network (distance $0.1\,\mathrm{km}$), and can be extend to metropolitan-area ($25\,\mathrm{km}$) or intercity ($\mathrm{250\,\mathrm{km}}$, with the assitance of frequency converters) network with a rate of 0.1\,kHz. This scalable approach opens up near-term opportunities for exploring quantum network applications and investigating the advantages of distributed quantum information processing.