Pion condensation at rotation in magnetic field, electric and scalar potential wells

TL;DR

This paper investigates the conditions under which charged pions condense in a rotating system with external magnetic, electric, and scalar potential wells, drawing parallels with superconductivity phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a model for pion condensation under rotation and external fields, analyzing effects like Meissner, Aharonov-Bohm, and London moments, and compares with superconductors.

Findings

Pion condensation occurs under specific rotational and external field conditions.

Analogies with superconductivity phenomena are established.

Differences between pion condensates and superconductors are identified.

Abstract

Instability of the charged pion vacuum resulting in the pion condensation is studied within the $\lambda|\phi|^4$ model at the rapid rotation of the system in presence of external fields. Case of the static external scalar and electric square potential wells and the uniform magnetic field is studied in detail. The Meissner and Aharonov-Bohm effects and the London moment are taken into account. Analogies and differences with the behavior of metallic superconductors under the action of the rotation and the external magnetic field are analysed.