Dark Energy

TL;DR

This paper reviews the motivations, theoretical explanations, and experimental efforts related to dark energy, aiming to understand its nature and implications for cosmology.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of dark energy hypotheses, models, and upcoming missions, synthesizing current knowledge and future directions.

Findings

Summarizes key theoretical models of dark energy

Details recent and planned observational missions

Highlights the importance of understanding dark energy for cosmology

Abstract

Among the great mysteries that physics has not yet solved are undoubtedly those of dark energy and dark matter. In this chapter we deal with the first of them. We will expound in detail the motivations that led to hypothesise the existence of dark energy, the importance of understanding its nature, its main possible theoretical explanations and a list of the many attempts at modelling it. We conclude with a description of the most recent and future missions on Earth and in space devised to shed light on this mystery.