Circumventing Quantum Gravity: Black Holes Evaporating into Macroscopic Wormholes

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that various black hole and wormhole models suggest black holes evaporate into macroscopic wormholes, potentially resolving issues related to black hole remnants and quantum gravity.

Contribution

It shows that known models imply black holes must evaporate into macroscopic wormholes, avoiding problematic remnants and final evaporation issues.

Findings

Black holes evaporate into macroscopic wormholes.

Energy emission rates support the evaporation process.

Results are model-independent under certain extremal conditions.

Abstract

Recently, metrics that describe regular black holes, extreme black holes, or traversable wormholes have been widely discussed. These spacetimes, appearing in scenarios such as the brane world, are contingent on the values of the parameters, with each metric encompassing all three objects. We are considering various known models for these black hole/wormhole interpolating spacetimes and showing that, starting from the macroscopic black holes, all of them must evaporate into macroscopic wormholes, thus avoiding existential problems related to the final stages of black hole evaporation and issues of quantum gravity and black hole remnants. For this purpose, we are calculating the energy emission rates of black holes and the appropriate lifetimes. We argue that some of our conclusions should hold regardless of the specific model, as long as it permits an extremal black hole state with zero temperature at a particular value of the coupling constant.