In-depth Study of Spin- and Momentum-Dependent Interaction Potentials Between Two Spin-1/2 Fermions Mediated by Light Spin-0 Particles

TL;DR

This paper calculates detailed interaction potentials between two spin-1/2 fermions mediated by light spin-0 particles, incorporating relativistic and off-shell effects in both momentum and coordinate spaces, with implications for experimental physics.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive calculation including relativistic and off-shell corrections, and proposes an alternative operator basis for deriving interaction potentials.

Findings

Eight potential components gain nonzero relativistic corrections.

Provides both long-range and short-range potential components.

Offers a new operator basis for potential derivation.

Abstract

We present a calculation by including the relativistic and off-shell contributions to the interaction potentials between two spin-1/2 fermions mediated by the exchange of light spin-0 particles, in both momentum and coordinate spaces. Our calculation is based on the four-point Green function rather than the scattering amplitude. Among the sixteen potential components, eight that vanish in the non-relativistic limit are shown to acquire nonzero relativistic and off-shell corrections. In addition to providing relativistic and off-shell corrections to the operator basis commonly used in the literature, we introduce an alternative operator basis that facilitates the derivation of interaction potentials in coordinate space. Furthermore, we calculate both the long-range and short-range components of the potentials, which can be useful for future experimental analyses at both macroscopic and atomic scales.