Non-Interactive Oblivious Transfer and One-Time Programs from Noisy Quantum Storage

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how quantum resources in the Noisy-Quantum-Storage Model enable unconditionally secure non-interactive OT, computationally secure one-shot OT/OTM, and hardware-free one-time programs, advancing quantum cryptography foundations.

Contribution

It introduces the first unconditionally secure two-message non-interactive OT and constructs secure one-shot OT/OTM and one-time programs without hardware or QROM.

Findings

Achieved smallest known unconditionally secure non-interactive OT.

Constructed computationally secure one-shot OT/OTM with everlasting security.

Developed hardware-free one-time programs by compiling OTM with existing protocols.

Abstract

Few primitives are as intertwined with the foundations of cryptography as Oblivious Transfer (OT). Not surprisingly, with the advent of quantum information processing, a major research path has emerged, aiming to minimize the requirements necessary to achieve OT by leveraging quantum resources, while also exploring the implications for secure computation. Indeed, OT has been the target of renewed focus regarding its newfound quantum possibilities (and impossibilities), both towards its computation and communication complexity. For instance, non-interactive OT, known to be impossible classically, has been strongly pursued. In its most extreme form, non-interactive chosen-input OT (one-shot OT) is equivalent to a One-Time Memory (OTM). OTMs have been proposed as tamper-proof hardware solutions for constructing One-Time Programs -- single-use programs that execute on an arbitrary input without revealing anything about their internal workings. In this work, we leverage quantum resources in the Noisy-Quantum-Storage Model to achieve: 1. Unconditionally-secure two-message non-interactive OT -- the smallest number of messages known to date for unconditionally-secure chosen-input OT. 2. Computationally-secure one-shot OT/OTM, with everlasting security, assuming only one-way functions and sequential functions -- without requiring trusted hardware, QROM, or pre-shared entanglement. 3. One-Time Programs without the need for hardware-based solutions or QROM, by compiling our OTM construction with the [GKR08, GIS+10] compiler.