Test results of the optical calibration system for the Large Sized Telescope camera

TL;DR

This paper details the design, implementation, and testing of an optical calibration system for the LST-1 telescope camera, ensuring precise calibration of 1855 photomultipliers using a UV laser and uniform illumination.

Contribution

It introduces a novel calibration system with a UV laser, photon flux monitoring, and uniform illumination for the LST camera, with performance evaluation based on laboratory tests.

Findings

The calibration system achieves uniform illumination over 28 meters.

Photon flux monitoring ensures laser stability and calibration quality.

Laboratory tests demonstrate the system's effective performance.

Abstract

In 2018 the Large Sized Telescope (LST-1) prototype, designed to be the lowest energy detector for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, was inaugurated at the Observatorio de Roque de Los Muchachos in La Palma, Canary Island and today three more are under construction, LST2-4. The LST camera, with 1855 photomultipliers (PMTs), requires precise and regular calibration. The camera calibration system (hereafter CaliBox), installed at the center of the telescope mirror dish, is equipped with a Q-switching 355 nm UV laser corresponding to the wavelength at which the maximum camera PMT quantum efficiency is achieved, a set of filters to guarantee a large dynamic range of photons on each camera pixel, and a Ulbricht sphere to spread uniformly the laser light over the camera plane 28 m away. The system is managed by an ODROID-C1+ single board computer that communicates through an Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPCUA) protocol to the camera. The CaliBox is designed to fulfill the requirements needed for the calibration of the camera including the monitor of the photon flux to guarantee the quality of the CaliBox system of laser stability, uniform illumination and intensity range. In this paper, we present in detail the optical system, the monitor of the photon flux, the relevant electronic to monitor the device. The performance of the device, the photon flux monitoring, the evaluation of the photon flux sent to the camera obtained during tests performed in Laboratory are shown.