Porous carbon nitride fullerenes: a novel family of porous cage molecules

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new family of porous cage molecules called porous carbon nitride fullerenes, exploring their structure, stability, and potential for synthesis, with implications for advanced materials.

Contribution

The study theoretically characterizes a novel family of porous carbon nitride fullerenes, including their stability and properties, expanding the understanding of zero-dimensional counterparts to 2D materials.

Findings

C60N60 is stable above 1000 K

C120N60 is stable above 2000 K

Structural and vibrational properties were characterized

Abstract

We propose and study theoretically a novel family of cage molecules, the porous carbon nitride fullerenes (PCNFs), which can be considered the zero-dimensional counterparts of the two-dimensional porous graphitic carbon nitrides, in accordance with icosahedral fullerenes, representing the zero-dimensional counterpart of graphene. We focus on two representative members of the PCNF family, the icosahedral C$_{60}$N$_{60}$ and C$_{120}$N$_{60}$ which are the first members of the two main sub-families of these structures derived from the class I and II Goldberg polyhedra, respectively. Taking into account that the two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitrides are considered the next-generation materials for several interesting applications, the interest in their zero-dimension counterparts is obvious. In the present study, we utilize Density Functional Theory to find their structural, vibrational, and electronic properties. The stability of the proposed cages was demonstrated through vibrational analysis and molecular dynamics simulations with ReaxFF potentials. Regarding thermal stability, we found that C$_{60}$N$_{60}$ could be stable well above 1000 K and C$_{120}$N$_{60}$ well above 2000 K. Finally, we discuss several ideas regarding precursors that could be possibly used for their bottom-up synthesis.