Experimental Realization of Self-Contained Quantum Refrigeration

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the experimental realization of the smallest self-contained quantum refrigerator using three nuclear spins in a molecule, advancing understanding of quantum thermodynamics and minimal quantum thermal machines.

Contribution

It introduces the first experimental implementation of a self-contained quantum refrigerator with only three two-level systems, highlighting quantum thermodynamics principles.

Findings

Successful operation of a three-spin quantum refrigerator

Analysis of cooling performance under various conditions

Insights into quantum information and thermodynamics interplay

Abstract

A fundamental challenge in quantum thermodynamics is the exploration of inherent dimensional constraints in thermodynamic machines. In the context of two-level systems, the most compact refrigerator necessitates the involvement of three entities, operating under self-contained conditions that preclude the use of external work sources. Here, we build such a smallest refrigerator using a nuclear spin system, where three distinct two-level carbon-13 nuclei in the same molecule are involved to facilitate the refrigeration process. The self-contained feature enables it to operate without relying on net external work, and the unique mechanism sets this refrigerator apart from its classical counterparts. We evaluate its performance under varying conditions and systematically scrutinize the cooling constraints across a spectrum of scenarios, which sheds light on the interplay between quantum information and thermodynamics.