The radial distribution of radio emission from SN1993J: Magnetic field amplification due to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability

TL;DR

This study analyzes 20 years of VLBI radio observations of supernova SN1993J, revealing a spherical shell structure with magnetic field amplification driven by Rayleigh-Taylor instability, and changes in shock deceleration and ejecta density.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive Bayesian analysis of VLBI data, confirming shell structure and magnetic field amplification mechanisms in SN1993J.

Findings

Shell-like radio structure with nonuniform radial intensity

Evidence of shell widening and increased deceleration after day 2600-3300

Magnetic field amplification driven by Rayleigh-Taylor instability

Abstract

[SHORTENED VERSION] Observations of radio emission from young core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) allow one to study the history of the pre-supernova stellar wind, trace the density structure of the ejected material, and probe the magnetohydrodynamics that describe the interaction between the two, as the forward shock expands into the circumstellar medium. The radio shell of supernova SN1993J has been observed with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) for ~20 years, giving one of the most complete pictures of the evolution of a CCSN shock. However, different results about the expansion curve and properties of the radio-emitting structure have been reported by different authors, likely due to systematics in the data calibration and/or model assumptions made by each team. We aim to perform an analysis of the complete set of VLBI observations of SN1993J that accounts for different instrumental and source-intrinsic effects, by exploring the posterior probability distribution of a complete data model, using Markov chains. Our model accounts for antenna calibration effects, as well as different kinds of radio-emission structures for the supernova. The posterior parameter distributions strongly favor a spherical shell-like radio structure with a nonuniform radial intensity profile, with a broad brightness distribution that peaks close to or just above the region where the contact discontinuity is expected to be located. There is clear evidence of a relative widening of the shell width beyond day 2600-3300 after the explosion, due to an increased deceleration of the inner shell boundary. These results suggest a scenario in which the magnetic field is amplified mainly by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which emanates from the contact discontinuity. Furthermore, the reverse shock enters a region of the ejecta at around 3000 days, where the density distribution is substantially flatter.