Diversified and Adaptive Negative Sampling on Knowledge Graphs

TL;DR

This paper introduces DANS, a novel generative adversarial approach for negative sampling in knowledge graph embedding, enhancing diversity and adaptiveness to improve model training.

Contribution

The paper proposes DANS, a two-way generator with adaptive mechanisms that produce more diverse and fine-grained negative triplets for knowledge graph embedding.

Findings

DANS outperforms existing sampling methods on benchmark datasets.

Enhanced diversity and adaptiveness lead to better embedding quality.

Quantitative and qualitative experiments validate effectiveness.

Abstract

In knowledge graph embedding, aside from positive triplets (ie: facts in the knowledge graph), the negative triplets used for training also have a direct influence on the model performance. In reality, since knowledge graphs are sparse and incomplete, negative triplets often lack explicit labels, and thus they are often obtained from various sampling strategies (eg: randomly replacing an entity in a positive triplet). An ideal sampled negative triplet should be informative enough to help the model train better. However, existing methods often ignore diversity and adaptiveness in their sampling process, which harms the informativeness of negative triplets. As such, we propose a generative adversarial approach called Diversified and Adaptive Negative Sampling DANS on knowledge graphs. DANS is equipped with a two-way generator that generates more diverse negative triplets through two pathways, and an adaptive mechanism that produces more fine-grained examples by localizing the global generator for different entities and relations. On the one hand, the two-way generator increase the overall informativeness with more diverse negative examples; on the other hand, the adaptive mechanism increases the individual sample-wise informativeness with more fine-grained sampling. Finally, we evaluate the performance of DANS on three benchmark knowledge graphs to demonstrate its effectiveness through quantitative and qualitative experiments.