Vortex bound states in dimerized $\pi$-flux optical lattices: characterization, state preparation and current measurement

TL;DR

This paper investigates vortex bound states of two bosons in dimerized $ ext{pi}$-flux optical lattices, characterizing their properties, proposing state preparation protocols, and demonstrating current measurement techniques for exploring chiral many-body phases.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of vortex bound states in dimerized $ ext{pi}$-flux lattices, details their properties, and develops experimental protocols for state preparation and current measurement.

Findings

Vortex bound states appear in dimerized $ ext{pi}$-flux lattices at moderate interactions.

Chirality-changing decay channels are induced by flux detuning.

Protocols for state preparation and current measurement in optical lattices are proposed.

Abstract

Lattice models display bound states for repulsive interactions that smoothly connect to high-energy two-particle states of doubly occupied sites, namely doublons, for strong onsite interactions. In this work, we show that a distinct type of repulsively bound states, namely vortex bound states of two bosons, appear in dimerized square lattices pierced by a uniform $\pi$-flux for moderate interactions. By focusing on a ladder geometry as an illustrative example, we characterize their properties, including chirality-changing decay channels induced by flux detuning, and we develop protocols to perform state preparation in optical lattices via adiabatic sequences or recently developed current imprinting methods. Finally, we show how to measure currents and thus chirality by quenching the system onto isolated pairs of nearest-neighbor sites and then sampling the corresponding dynamics. These results can also provide an experimentally realistic strategy for state preparation and probing of chiral gapped many-body phases in optical lattices.