Quantum kinetic theory of light-matter interactions in degenerate plasmas

TL;DR

This paper develops a quantum kinetic framework for light-matter interactions in degenerate plasmas, capturing quantum effects and fluctuations beyond classical models, and deriving coupled kinetic equations for photons and matter.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum kinetic theory that treats light and matter fields equally, incorporating quantum fluctuations and Coulomb interactions in degenerate plasmas.

Findings

Derives kinetic equations from first principles that include quantum effects.

Reveals couplings absent in classical electrodynamics.

Provides corrections to electrostatic forces and plasma velocities in degenerate conditions.

Abstract

A rigorous treatment of light-matter interactions typically requires an interacting quantum field theory. However, most applications of interest are handled using classical or semiclassical models, which are valid only when quantum-field fluctuations can be neglected. This approximation breaks down in scenarios involving large light intensities or degenerate matter, where additional quantum effects become significant. In this work, we address these limitations by developing a quantum kinetic framework that treats both light and matter fields on equal footing, naturally incorporating both linear and nonlinear interactions. To accurately account for light fluctuations, we introduce a photon distribution function that, together with the classical electromagnetic fields, provides a better description of the photon fluid. From this formalism, we derive kinetic equations from first principles that recover classical electrodynamical results while revealing couplings that are absent in the corresponding classical theory. Furthermore, by addressing the Coulomb interaction in the Hartree-Fock approximation, we include the role of fermionic exchange exactly in both kinetic and fluid regimes through a generalized Fock potential. The latter provides corrections not only to the electrostatic forces but also to the plasma velocity fields, which become significant in degenerate conditions.