Construction of Hunt processes by the Lyapunov method and applications to generalized Mehler semigroups

TL;DR

This paper characterizes when generalized Mehler semigroups correspond to cdlg Markov processes, using Lyapunov functions and potential theory, and applies these results to stochastic heat equations with Lévy noise.

Contribution

It provides new criteria for the existence of Hunt processes associated with generalized Mehler semigroups on non-metrizable spaces.

Findings

Established Lyapunov-based conditions for Hunt process existence.

Proved stability of the Hunt property under topology changes.

Applied results to stochastic heat equations with Lévy noise.

Abstract

In this paper we deal with the problem of characterizing those generalized Mehler semigroups that do correspond to c\`adl\`ag Markov processes, which is highly non-trivial and has remained open for more than a decade. Our approach is to reconsider the {\it c\`adl\`ag problem} for generalized Mehler semigroups as a particular case of the much broader problem of constructing Hunt processes from a given Markov semigroup. Following this strategy, a consistent part of this work is devoted to prove that starting from a Markov semigroup on a general (possibly non-metrizable) state space, the existence of a suitable Lyapunov function with relatively compact sub/sup-sets in conjunction with a local Feller-type regularity of the resolvent are sufficient to ensure the existence of an associated c\`adl\`ag Markov process; if the topology is locally generated by potentials, then the process is in fact Hunt. Other results of fine potential theoretic nature are also pointed out, an important one being the fact that the Hunt property of a process is stable under the change of the topology, as long as it is locally generated by potentials. Then, we derive sufficient conditions for a large class of generalized Mehler semigroups in order to posses an associated Hunt process with values in the original space. To this end, we first construct explicit Lyapunov functions whose sub-level sets are relatively compact with respect to the (non-metrizable) weak topology, and then we use the above mentioned stability to deduce the Hunt property with respect to the stronger norm topology. We test these conditions on a stochastic heat equation on $L^2(D)$ whose drift is the Dirichlet Laplacian on a bounded domain $D \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, driven by a (non-diagonal) L\'evy noise whose characteristic exponent is not necessarily Sazonov continuous.