The absolute seawater entropy: Part I. Definition

TL;DR

This paper refines the definition of seawater entropy by integrating recent thermodynamic data and formulations, providing more accurate absolute entropy values and setting the stage for further empirical analysis.

Contribution

It introduces an improved formulation for seawater entropy based on TEOS10 and Millero's data, enhancing accuracy of thermodynamic properties.

Findings

Differences between Millero and TEOS10 entropy values documented.

New absolute entropy values for seawater derived from updated thermodynamic data.

Foundation laid for empirical analysis of seawater entropy in Part II.

Abstract

The first improvements concern the complex non-linear dependence of entropy on pressure, temperature and salinity, with the use of the standard TEOS10 formulation based on a fit of the oceanic Gibbs function to more recent observations. On the other hand, more recent thermodynamic tables have been used to increase the accuracy of the Millero's salinity increment to this standard formulation, to deduce the absolute version of entropy with new values for the pure-water and sea-salts absolute reference entropies. The differences between the values of the seawater entropy calculated with the Millero and TEOS10 formulations (standard and absolute) are documented, before a more complete study shown in the second part of the paper of the absolute seawater entropy computed from observed vertical profiles and analysed surface datasets.