General recipe for immediate entanglement death-birth transitions via Bell states: environmental Heisenberg exchange as an example

TL;DR

This paper presents a general method for predicting and controlling entanglement sudden death, birth, and transition in two-qubit systems, exemplified through a spin-star model with Bell states and environmental Heisenberg exchange.

Contribution

It introduces a universal recipe for entanglement transitions that is largely interaction-independent, using the entanglement switch parameter and Bell states for control and analysis.

Findings

Analytic results for entanglement transitions in a spin-star model.

The entanglement switch parameter (ESP) predicts ESD, ESB, and TFD.

Symmetries can convert ESD into ESB and vice versa.

Abstract

Environment is known to play a dual role in both extinguishing and establishing entanglement, leading to entanglement sudden death (ESD) and entanglement sudden birth (ESB). In this paper, we propose a recipe for the initial states of two qubits to undergo ESD, ESB, or transition of finite duration (TFD) between them. While this recipe is \emph{generally independent of the interaction}, a spin-star model with environmental Heisenberg exchange is chosen for illustration. Utilizing the Bell states, we introduce the entanglement switch parameter (ESP), whose sign indicates whether the qubit bipartite entanglement is switched on or off. The classical (quantum) weighting of the Bell states encodes the ESP for initial mixed (pure) states. When more than two Bell states are adopted, the ESP permits states to penetrate through the entanglement-unentanglement boundary. In this case, the penetrability of a small ESP ensures the immediate occurrence of ESD or ESB and indicates the TFD if the local time-even symmetry in the entanglement monotone is also satisfied. When no more than two Bell states are employed, the penetrability is lost, and TFD is only identified in some mixed states but not in pure states; here for pure states, the environmental quantum degrees of freedom are associated with the number of Bell states. Thanks to the simplicity of this model, analytic results are provided. We also analyze the symmetries that can convert or alter ESD into ESB, and vice versa. The recipe enhances the controllability of entanglement dynamics and facilitates entanglement engineering.