Time-Domain And MultiMessenger Astrophysics Communications Science Analysis Group Report

TL;DR

This report examines the technical challenges and potential solutions for rapid, flexible communication systems for NASA astrophysics missions studying variable and transient cosmic phenomena, considering transition to commercial services.

Contribution

It analyzes the feasibility of transitioning from NASA-operated to commercial communication services for time-domain astrophysics missions, emphasizing flexible, modern infrastructure.

Findings

Commercial services can meet diverse mission communication needs.

Flexibility and adaptability are crucial for future astrophysics communication systems.

Current NASA services may need enhancements for transient and variable object studies.

Abstract

The Time-Domain And MultiMessenger (TDAMM) Communications Science Analysis Group (TDAMMCommSAG) was formulated to describe the unique technical challenges of communicating rapidly to and from NASA astrophysics missions studying the most variable, transient, and extreme objects in the Universe. This report describes the study of if and how the transition from current NASA-operated space and ground relays to commercial services will adequately serve these missions. Depending on the individual mission requirements and Concept of Operations (ConOps), TDAMM missions may utilize a rapid low-rate demand access service, a low-rate continuous contact service, low-latency downlink upon demand, or a higher-latency but regular relay service. The specific implementations can vary via space relay or direct to Earth, but requires flexibility and adaptability using modern software infrastructure. The study team reviewed the current state of NASA communications services and future commercial and NASA communications services under study and in development. We explored the communications capabilities driving from the behavior of the astrophysical objects themselves.