Entangling power of symmetric multiqubit systems: a geometrical approach

TL;DR

This paper introduces a geometric method to analyze the entangling power of symmetric multiqubit systems, revealing symmetry properties of optimal gates and connecting entanglement with state space structures.

Contribution

It reformulates entangling power as an inner product of SU(2) invariants, enabling analytical study and identification of extremal gates in symmetric multiqubit systems.

Findings

Extremal gates exhibit high rotational symmetry in entanglement distribution.

The approach links entangling power to convex combinations of Husimi functions.

Connections between entangling power and Schmidt numbers are established.

Abstract

Unitary gates with high entangling capabilities are relevant for several quantum-enhanced technologies. For symmetric multiqubit systems, such as spin states or bosonic systems, the particle exchange symmetry restricts these gates and also the set of not-entangled states. In this work, we analyze the entangling power of unitary gates in these systems by reformulating it as an inner product between vectors with components given by SU$(2)$ invariants. For small number of qubits, this approach allows us to study analytically the entangling power including the detection of the unitary gate that maximizes it. We observe that extremal unitary gates exhibit entanglement distributions with high rotational symmetry, same that are linked to a convex combination of Husimi functions of certain states. Furthermore, we explore the connection between entangling power and the Schmidt numbers admissible in some quantum state subspaces. Thus, the geometrical approach presented here suggests new paths for studying entangling power linked to other concepts in quantum information theory.