Chaotic motion of particles in the spacetime of a Kerr black hole immersed in swirling universes

TL;DR

This paper explores how swirling universes influence particle trajectories around Kerr black holes, revealing chaos and fractal structures through various dynamical analysis tools.

Contribution

It introduces the combined effects of swirling and spin parameters on particle chaos in Kerr black hole spacetimes, highlighting new dynamical behaviors.

Findings

Swirling parameter affects chaos range of spin parameter

Presence of self-similar fractal basin boundaries

Richer physics from combined swirling and spin effects

Abstract

We investigate the motion of particles in the spacetime of a Kerr black hole immersed in swirling universes. Using the Poincar\'{e} section, fast Lyapunov exponent indicator, bifurcation diagram and basins of attraction, we present the effects of the swirling parameter and the spin parameter on the dynamical behaviors of the motion of particles, and confirm the presence of chaos in the motion of particles in this background spacetime. We find that the swirling parameter can change the range of the spin parameter where the chaos occurs, and vice versa. Moreover, we observe clearly that, regardless of the spin parameter, there exist some self-similar fractal fine structures in the basins boundaries of attractors for the spacetime of a black hole immersed in swirling universes. The combination the swirling parameter and the spin parameter provides richer physics in the motion of particles.