$XY$-VBS phase boundary for the square-lattice $J_1$-$J_2$ $XXZ$ model with the ring exchange

TL;DR

This study numerically investigates the phase boundary between XY (superfluid) and VBS phases in the square-lattice $J_1$-$J_2$ $XXZ$ model with ring exchange, revealing multi-critical behavior near full frustration.

Contribution

The paper extends the phase diagram analysis of the $J_1$-$J_2$ $XXZ$ model with ring exchange, employing high-order fidelity susceptibility to identify multi-criticality at the phase boundary.

Findings

Phase boundary terminates at the fully-frustrated point $J_2/J_1 o 0.5^-$.

High-order fidelity susceptibility effectively detects the XY-VBS phase transition.

Scaling analysis reveals multi-critical behavior near the frustration point.

Abstract

The square-lattice $J_1$-$J_2$ $XXZ$ model with the ring-exchange interaction $K$ was investigated numerically. As for the hard-core-boson model with the nearest-neighbor hopping $J_1/2$, namely, the $J_1$-$K$ $XY$ model, it has been reported that the ring exchange leads to a variety of exotic phases such as the valence-bond-solid (VBS) phase. In this paper, we extend the parameter space in order to investigate the phase boundary between the $XY$ (superfluid) and VBS phases. A notable feature is that the phase boundary terminates at the fully-frustrated point, $J_2/J_1 \to 0.5^-$. As a scaling parameter for the multi-criticality, the distance from the multi-critical point $\delta (\ge 0)$ is introduced. In order to detect the phase transition, we employed the high-order fidelity susceptibility $\chi^{(3)}_F$, which is readily evaluated via the exact-diagonalization scheme. As a demonstration, for a fixed value of $\delta$, the $XY$-VBS criticality was analyzed by the probe $\chi^{(3)}_F$. Thereby, with properly scaling $\delta$, the $\chi^{(3)}_F$ data were cast into the crossover-scaling formula to determine the multi-criticality.