Homoclinic snaking of contact defects in reaction-diffusion equations

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that contact defects in reaction-diffusion equations exhibit complex snaking bifurcations, revealing multiple coexisting patterned states and novel asymmetric solutions through advanced spatial dynamical systems analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a new understanding of snaking bifurcations in contact defects, including asymmetric traveling solutions, using a combination of PDE and ODE techniques.

Findings

Contact defects undergo snaking bifurcations with complex structure.

Existence of asymmetric traveling defect solutions with phase offsets.

Patterns include symmetric standing targets and spirals, plus novel asymmetric states.

Abstract

We apply spatial dynamical-systems techniques to prove that certain spatiotemporal patterns in reversible reaction-diffusion equations undergo snaking bifurcations. That is, in a narrow region of parameter space, countably many branches of patterned states coexist that connect at towers of saddle-node bifurcations. Our patterns of interest are contact defects, which are 1-dimensional time-periodic patterns with a spatially oscillating core region that at large distances from the origin in space resemble pure temporally oscillatory states and arise as natural analogues of spiral and target waves in one spatial dimension. We show that these solutions lie on snaking branches that have a more complex structure than has been seen in other contexts. In particular, we predict the existence of families of asymmetric travelling defect solutions with arbitrary background phase offsets, in addition to symmetric standing target and spiral patterns. We prove the presence of these additional patterns by reconciling results in classic ODE studies with results from the spatial-dynamics study of patterns in PDEs and using geometrical information contained in the stable and unstable manifolds of the background wavetrains and their natural equivariance structure.