Tax systems for sustainable economic development

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive framework for taxation systems that promote sustainable economic development, deriving explicit formulas, defining perfect systems, and analyzing their properties and implications for industry subsidies and market equilibria.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of perfect taxation systems, provides explicit formulas, and analyzes their properties and effects on industry subsidies and market equilibrium states.

Findings

Explicit formulas for sustainable tax dependencies are derived.

Perfect taxation systems require the gross output vector to lie within a specific cone.

Conditions under which industries need subsidies are identified.

Abstract

A complete description of taxation systems that ensure sustainable economic development is given. These tax systems depend on production technologies and gross output volumes. Explicit formulas for such dependencies are found. In a sustainable economy, the value added either exceeds or is strictly less than the value of the product produced. The latter is determined by the tax system. The concept of perfect taxation systems is introduced and their explicit form is found. For perfect taxation systems, it is proved that the vector of gross output should belong to the interior of the cone formed by the vectors of the columns of the total cost matrix. It is shown that under perfect taxation systems the vector of gross output must satisfy a certain system of linear homogeneous equations. It is shown, that under certain conditions there are tax systems under which certain industries require subsidies for their existence. Under such taxation systems, the industries that require subsidies are identified. The family of all non negative solutions of the system of linear equations and inequalities is constructed, which allowed us to formulate a criterion for describing all equilibrium states in which partial clearing of markets occurs.