Rook matroids and log-concavity of $P$-Eulerian polynomials

TL;DR

This paper introduces rook matroids based on non-nesting rook placements, explores their properties, and proves the ultra-log-concavity of certain Eulerian polynomials, advancing the understanding of log-concavity conjectures in combinatorics.

Contribution

It defines rook matroids, studies their properties, and proves the ultra-log-concavity of $P$-Eulerian polynomials for width two posets, addressing a longstanding conjecture.

Findings

Rook matroids are closed under duals and direct sums.

Non-nesting rook polynomial is ultra-log-concave, not real-rooted.

$P$-Eulerian polynomial $W_P$ is ultra-log-concave for width two posets.

Abstract

We define and study rook matroids, the bases of which correspond to non-nesting rook placements on a skew Ferrers board. We show that rook matroids are closed under taking duals and direct sums but not minors. Rook matroids are also a subclass of transversal matroids, positroids, and bear a subtle relationship to lattice path matroids that centers around not having the quaternary matroid $Q_{6}$ as a minor. The enumerative and distributional properties of non-nesting rook placements stand in contrast to that of usual rook placements: the non-nesting rook polynomial is not real-rooted in general, and is instead ultra-log-concave. We leverage this property together with a correspondence between rook placements and linear extensions of a poset to show that if $P$ is a naturally labeled width two poset, then the $P$-Eulerian polynomial $W_{P}$ is ultra-log-concave. This takes an important step towards resolving a log-concavity conjecture of Brenti (1989) and completes the story of the Neggers--Stanley conjecture for naturally labeled width two posets.