Dissipation induced transition between delocalization and localization in the three-dimensional Anderson model

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in a 3D Anderson model, dissipation can induce a transition between delocalized and localized phases, showing the potential to control quantum states through tailored environmental interactions.

Contribution

It extends the concept of dissipation-induced localization from 1D systems to a more realistic 3D Anderson model, revealing controllable phase transitions.

Findings

Dissipation can drive the system into localized states.

Certain dissipation operators induce delocalized steady states.

The transition is controllable by tuning dissipation parameters.

Abstract

We investigate the probable delocalization-localization transition in open quantum systems with disorder. The disorder can induce localization in isolated quantum systems and it is generally recognized that localization is fragile under the action of dissipations from the external environment due to its interfering nature. Recent work [Y. Liu, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 216301 (2024).] found that a one-dimensional quasiperiodic system can be driven into the localization phase by a tailored local dissipation where a dissipation-induced delocalized-localized transition is proposed. Based on this, we consider a more realistic system and show that a dissipation-induced transition between delocalization and localization appears in the three-dimensional (3D) Anderson model. By tuning local dissipative operators acting on nearest neighboring sites, we find that the system can relax to localized states dominated steady state instead of the choice of initial conditions and dissipation strengths. Moreover, we can also realize a delocalized states predominated steady-state from a localized initial state by using a kind of dissipation operators acting on next nearest neighboring sites. Our results enrich the applicability of dissipation-induced localization and identify the transition between delocalized and localized phases in 3D disordered systems.