What is the Role of Large Language Models in the Evolution of Astronomy Research?

TL;DR

This paper investigates how large language models like ChatGPT are transforming astronomy research by supporting tasks such as literature review, coding, and outreach, while emphasizing ethical considerations and the importance of critical thinking.

Contribution

It provides an empirical study of astronomers' experiences with LLMs, analyzing their applications, limitations, and ethical issues in research workflows.

Findings

LLMs assist in ideation, coding, and literature review.

Participants recognize both benefits and limitations of LLMs.

Ethical considerations are crucial in adopting LLMs in research.

Abstract

ChatGPT and other state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming multiple fields, offering powerful tools for a wide range of applications. These models, commonly trained on vast datasets, exhibit human-like text generation capabilities, making them useful for research tasks such as ideation, literature review, coding, drafting, and outreach. We conducted a study involving 13 astronomers at different career stages and research fields to explore LLM applications across diverse tasks over several months and to evaluate their performance in research-related activities. This work was accompanied by an anonymous survey assessing participants' experiences and attitudes towards LLMs. We provide a detailed analysis of the tasks attempted and the survey answers, along with specific output examples. Our findings highlight both the potential and limitations of LLMs in supporting research while also addressing general and research-specific ethical considerations. We conclude with a series of recommendations, emphasizing the need for researchers to complement LLMs with critical thinking and domain expertise, ensuring these tools serve as aids rather than substitutes for rigorous scientific inquiry.