Finite-time blow-up in fully parabolic quasilinear Keller-Segel systems with supercritical exponents

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates finite-time blow-up of solutions in fully parabolic Keller-Segel systems with supercritical exponents, extending previous results to broader parameter ranges in 2D and 3D cases.

Contribution

The study significantly broadens the known conditions for finite-time blow-up in Keller-Segel models, especially for parameters where ext{max}\{m, q\} < 1, using novel pointwise upper estimates.

Findings

Finite-time blow-up occurs under new parameter conditions.

Blow-up is shown for cases with ext{max}\{m, q\} < 1.

Results extend previous blow-up criteria to more general settings.

Abstract

We examine the possibility of finite-time blow-up of solutions to the fully parabolic quasilinear Keller--Segel model \begin{align}\tag{$\star$}\label{prob:star} \begin{cases} u_t = \nabla \cdot ((u+1)^{m-1}\nabla u - u(u+1)^{q-1}\nabla v) & \text{in $\Omega \times (0, T)$}, \\ v_t = \Delta v - v + u & \text{in $\Omega \times (0, T)$} \end{cases} \end{align} in a ball $\Omega\subset \mathbb R^n$ with $n\geq 2$. Previous results show that unbounded solutions exist for all $m, q \in \mathbb R$ with $m-q<\frac{n-2}{n}$, which, however, are necessarily global in time if $q \leq 0$. It is expected that finite-time blow-up is possible whenever $q > 0$ but in the fully parabolic setting this has so far only been shown when $\max\{m, q\} \geq 1$. In the present paper, we substantially extend these findings. Our main results for the two- and three-dimensional settings state that \eqref{prob:star} admits solutions blowing up in finite time if \begin{align*} m-q<\frac{n-2}{n} \quad \text{and} \quad \begin{cases} q < 2m & \text{if } n = 2, \\ q < 2m - \frac23 \text{ or } m > \frac23 & \text{if } n = 3, \end{cases} \end{align*} that is, also for certain $m, q$ with $\max\{m, q\} < 1$. As a key new ingredient in our proof, we make use of (singular) pointwise upper estimates for $u$.