Relativistic diffusion model for hadron production in p-Pb collisions at the LHC

TL;DR

This paper presents a relativistic diffusion model combined with QCD principles to accurately describe charged-hadron production in asymmetric p-Pb collisions at the LHC, matching experimental pseudorapidity distributions across centralities.

Contribution

It introduces a novel nonequilibrium-statistical framework that integrates a relativistic diffusion model with quantum chromodynamics to analyze particle production in asymmetric heavy-ion collisions.

Findings

Model successfully reproduces centrality-dependent pseudorapidity distributions.

Inversion of particle-production dominance from backward to forward with collision centrality.

Agreement with recent ATLAS and ALICE experimental data.

Abstract

We investigate charged-hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions of asymmetric systems within a nonequilibrium-statistical framework. Calculated centrality-dependent pseudorapidity distributions for p-Pb collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=5.02 and 8.16 TeV are compared with data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Our approach combines a relativistic diffusion model with formulations based on quantum chromodynamics while utilizing numerical solutions of a Fokker-Planck equation to account for the shift and broadening of the fragmentation sources for particle-production with respect to the stopping (net-baryon) rapidity distributions. To represent the centrality dependence of charged-hadron production in asymmetric systems over a broad region of pseudorapidities, the consideration and precise modelling of the fragmentation sources - along with the central gluon-gluon source - is found to be essential. Specifically, this results in an inversion of the particle-production amplitude from backward- to forward-dominance when transitioning from central to peripheral collisions, in agreement with recent ATLAS and ALICE p-Pb data at sqrt(s_NN)=5.02 TeV.