WaSt-3D: Wasserstein-2 Distance for Scene-to-Scene Stylization on 3D Gaussians

TL;DR

WaSt-3D introduces a novel 3D scene stylization method that explicitly matches Gaussian distributions using Wasserstein-2 distance, enabling high-resolution, detail-preserving style transfer without training.

Contribution

It pioneers the use of entropy-regularized Wasserstein-2 distance for scene-to-scene stylization on 3D Gaussians, shifting from generative to distribution matching approach.

Findings

Achieves high-resolution 3D stylization with detailed transfer.

Operates without any training, relying solely on optimization.

Effectively transfers style across diverse 3D scenes.

Abstract

While style transfer techniques have been well-developed for 2D image stylization, the extension of these methods to 3D scenes remains relatively unexplored. Existing approaches demonstrate proficiency in transferring colors and textures but often struggle with replicating the geometry of the scenes. In our work, we leverage an explicit Gaussian Splatting (GS) representation and directly match the distributions of Gaussians between style and content scenes using the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). By employing the entropy-regularized Wasserstein-2 distance, we ensure that the transformation maintains spatial smoothness. Additionally, we decompose the scene stylization problem into smaller chunks to enhance efficiency. This paradigm shift reframes stylization from a pure generative process driven by latent space losses to an explicit matching of distributions between two Gaussian representations. Our method achieves high-resolution 3D stylization by faithfully transferring details from 3D style scenes onto the content scene. Furthermore, WaSt-3D consistently delivers results across diverse content and style scenes without necessitating any training, as it relies solely on optimization-based techniques. See our project page for additional results and source code: $\href{https://compvis.github.io/wast3d/}{https://compvis.github.io/wast3d/}$.