DREAMS: A python framework for Training Deep Learning Models on EEG Data with Model Card Reporting for Medical Applications

TL;DR

DREAMS is a Python framework that automates the creation of detailed model cards for EEG deep learning models, enhancing transparency, interpretability, and documentation tailored for medical applications.

Contribution

It introduces a domain-specific tool for generating structured, comprehensive model reports for EEG-based deep learning models, addressing a gap in existing documentation methods.

Findings

Demonstrated improved transparency with visualized performance metrics

Enhanced documentation of dataset biases and model uncertainties

Validated effectiveness through EEG emotion and abnormality classification case studies

Abstract

Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a non-invasive way to observe brain activity in real time. Deep learning has enhanced EEG analysis, enabling meaningful pattern detection for clinical and research purposes. However, most existing frameworks for EEG data analysis are either focused on preprocessing techniques or deep learning model development, often overlooking the crucial need for structured documentation and model interpretability. In this paper, we introduce DREAMS (Deep REport for AI ModelS), a Python-based framework designed to generate automated model cards for deep learning models applied to EEG data. Unlike generic model reporting tools, DREAMS is specifically tailored for EEG-based deep learning applications, incorporating domain-specific metadata, preprocessing details, performance metrics, and uncertainty quantification. The framework seamlessly integrates with deep learning pipelines, providing structured YAML-based documentation. We evaluate DREAMS through two case studies: an EEG emotion classification task using the FACED dataset and a abnormal EEG classification task using the Temple Univeristy Hospital (TUH) Abnormal dataset. These evaluations demonstrate how the generated model card enhances transparency by documenting model performance, dataset biases, and interpretability limitations. Unlike existing model documentation approaches, DREAMS provides visualized performance metrics, dataset alignment details, and model uncertainty estimations, making it a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians working with EEG-based AI. The source code for DREAMS is open-source, facilitating broad adoption in healthcare AI, research, and ethical AI development.