Euclidean and complex geometries from real-time computations of gravitational R\'enyi entropies

TL;DR

This paper presents an alternative real-time formulation for computing gravitational Renyi entropies, connecting Euclidean and complex geometries with the bulk quantum wavefunction, and demonstrates this approach using JT gravity.

Contribution

It introduces a real-time quantum framework for Renyi entropy calculations that aligns with Euclidean geometries, avoiding Euclidean path integral subtleties.

Findings

Real-time computations match Euclidean Renyi geometries.

The bulk wavefunction encodes Euclidean and complex saddle-point geometries.

JT gravity exemplifies the real-time Renyi entropy calculations.

Abstract

Gravitational R\'enyi computations have traditionally been described in the language of Euclidean path integrals. In the semiclassical limit, such calculations are governed by Euclidean (or, more generally, complex) saddle-point geometries. We emphasize here that, at least in simple contexts, the Euclidean approach suggests an alternative formulation in terms of the bulk quantum wavefunction. Since this alternate formulation can be directly applied to the real-time quantum theory, it is insensitive to subtleties involved in defining the Euclidean path integral. In particular, it can be consistent with many different choices of integration contour. Despite the fact that self-adjoint operators in the associated real-time quantum theory have real eigenvalues, we note that the bulk wavefunction encodes the Euclidean (or complex) R\'enyi geometries that would arise in any Euclidean path integral. As a result, for any given quantum state, the appropriate real-time path integral yields both R\'enyi entropies and associated complex saddle-point geometries that agree with Euclidean methods. After brief explanations of these general points, we use JT gravity to illustrate the associated real-time computations in detail.