Observation of spin squeezing with contact interactions in one- and three-dimensional easy-plane magnets

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates spin squeezing using short-range contact interactions in ultracold lithium atoms within optical lattices, revealing the effects of dimensionality and hole dynamics on quantum entanglement.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental observation of spin squeezing with contact interactions in both 1D and 3D systems, highlighting the impact of holes on squeezing performance.

Findings

1. Achieved 1.9 dB of spin squeezing in 1D, matching theoretical predictions.

2. Observed only 2.0 dB of squeezing in 3D due to hole effects.

3. Identified motional and spin coupling as key factors affecting spin dynamics.

Abstract

Entanglement in a many-particle system can enable measurement sensitivities beyond that achievable by only classical correlations. For an ensemble of spins, all-to-all interactions are known to reshape the quantum projection noise, leading to a form of entanglement known as spin squeezing. Here, we demonstrate spin squeezing with strictly short-range contact interactions. In particular, working with ultracold lithium atoms in optical lattices, we utilize superexchange interactions to realize a nearest-neighbor anisotropic Heisenberg model. We investigate the resulting quench dynamics from an initial product state in both one and three dimensions. In 1D, we observe $1.9^{+0.7}_{-0.5}$ dB of spin squeezing in quantitative agreement with theory. However, in 3D, we observe a maximum of $2.0^{+0.7}_{-0.7}$ dB of squeezing, over an order of magnitude smaller than that expected. We demonstrate that this discrepancy arises from the presence of a finite density of holes; both the motion of the holes as well as direct coupling between spin and density qualitatively alter the spin dynamics. Our observations point to the importance of understanding the complex interplay between motional and spin degrees of freedom in quantum simulators.