Estimating the total energy content in escaping accelerated solar electron beams

TL;DR

This study estimates the energy content of escaping solar electron beams during a flare using remote sensing, providing new insights into the energy density and acceleration region properties of these particles.

Contribution

It introduces a novel remote sensing method to estimate the energy density of escaping electron beams during solar flares, improving understanding of particle acceleration.

Findings

Electron density in acceleration region: 10^{2.5} cm^{-3}

Energy density of electron beams: 2×10^{-5} erg cm^{-3}

Total energy in acceleration region: 10^{23}-10^{25} erg

Abstract

Quantifying the energy content of accelerated electron beams during solar eruptive events is a key outstanding objective that must be constrained to refine particle acceleration models and understand the electron component of space weather. Previous estimations have used in situ measurements near the Earth, and consequently suffer from electron beam propagation effects. In this study, we deduce properties of a rapid sequence of escaping electron beams that were accelerated during a solar flare on 22 May 2013 and produced type III radio bursts, including the first estimate of energy density from remote sensing observations. We use extreme-ultraviolet observations to infer the magnetic structure of the source active region NOAA 11745, and Nan\c{c}ay Radioheliograph imaging spectroscopy to estimate the speed and origin of the escaping electron beams. Using the observationally deduced electron beam properties from the type III bursts and co-temporal hard X-rays, we simulate electron beam properties to estimate the electron number density and energy in the acceleration region. We find an electron density (above $30\ \mathrm{keV}$) in the acceleration region of $10^{2.5}\ \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ and an energy density of $2\times10^{-5}\ \mathrm{erg\ cm}^{-3}$. Radio observations suggest the particles travelled a very short distance before they began to produce radio emission, implying a radially narrow acceleration region. A short but plausibly wide slab-like acceleration volume of $10^{26}-10^{28}\ \mathrm{cm}^{3}$ atop the flaring loop arcade could contain a total energy of $10^{23}-10^{25}\ \mathrm{erg}$ ($\sim 100$ beams), which is comparable to energy estimates from previous studies.