An Example of Microwave Diagnosis for Knee Osteophyte by 3D Parallel FD-FDTD Approach

TL;DR

This paper presents a parallel 3D FD-FDTD computational method to analyze microwave penetration in human knees, demonstrating its potential for detecting osteophytes via microwave imaging.

Contribution

It introduces a parallel 3D FD-FDTD approach based on SPMD for efficient microwave analysis of knees, enabling effective detection of osteophytes.

Findings

Microwave signals can penetrate knee tissue effectively.

The method successfully detected small osteophyte growths.

Ultra-wideband microwave diagnosis is feasible.

Abstract

A parallel 3-D Frequency Dependent Finite Difference Time Domain (FD-FDTD) method was implemented based on the Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) technique to analyze the feasibility of microwave diagnosis for the human knees. The parallel algorithm efficiently accelerates the FDTD computation for a large 3-D numerical knee model derived from a real human. Examinations in the frequency domain and time domain were applied to investigate the penetration of the electromagnetic (EM) waves into the knee. Results show that the attenuation of the microwave signal allows for a several-Gigahertz-bandwidth signal to be used for ultra-wide band microwave diagnosis. Knee osteophyte detection was undertaken as an example of the knee disease diagnosis to verify this technique. A small abnormal growth in the knee joint was successfully detected by the microwave imaging approach.