Phantom BTZ black holes

TL;DR

This paper introduces solutions for phantom BTZ black holes in (A)dS space, analyzing their horizon structure, thermodynamics, and stability, and compares them with standard BTZ black holes in the presence of phantom and Maxwell fields.

Contribution

It provides the first explicit solutions for phantom BTZ (A)dS black holes and explores their thermodynamic and stability properties in detail.

Findings

Phantom fields alter the horizon structure of BTZ black holes.

Thermodynamic quantities satisfy the first law of thermodynamics.

Electrical charge and cosmological constant influence stability regions.

Abstract

Motivated by the impact of the phantom field (or anti-Maxwell field) on the structure of three-dimensional black holes in the presence of the cosmological constant, we present the first extraction of solutions for the phantom BTZ (A)dS black hole. In this study, we analyze the effect of the phantom field on the horizon structure. Furthermore, we compare the BTZ black holes in the presence of both the phantom and Maxwell fields. Additionally, we calculate the conserved and thermodynamic quantities of the phantom BTZ black holes, demonstrating their compliance with the first law of thermodynamics. Subsequently, we assess the effects of the electrical charge and the cosmological constant on the local stability in the canonical ensemble by considering these fields with respect to the heat capacity. We then investigate the global stability area of the BTZ black holes with phantom and Maxwell fields within the grand canonical ensemble using Gibbs free energy. In this analysis, we evaluate the influence of the electrical charge and the cosmological constant on this area.