Phase-cycling and double-quantum two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using a common-path birefringent interferometer

TL;DR

This paper introduces an adaptation of the TWINS birefringent interferometer for phase-cycling in 2DES, enabling access to various quantum pathways and enhancing multidimensional spectroscopy techniques.

Contribution

It presents a simple extension of TWINS for phase-cycling, allowing selective quantum pathway isolation in 2DES experiments.

Findings

Successfully recorded rephasing and non-rephasing spectra

Demonstrated zero-quantum and double-quantum 2DES on a molecular J-aggregate

Extended TWINS capabilities for advanced quantum pathway analysis

Abstract

Selecting distinct quantum pathways in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) can give particularly deep insights into coherent and incoherent interactions and quantum dynamics in various materials. This includes isolating rephasing and non-rephasing pathways for conventional single-quantum 2DES, but also the ability to record double- and zero-quantum spectra. Such advanced 2DES schemes usually require phase-cycling when performed in a partially or fully collinear geometry. A particularly simple and effective implementation of 2DES utilizes an in-line birefringent interferometer, the Translating-Wedge-based Identical pulses eNcoding System (TWINS), for the generation of an inherently phase-stable collinear excitation pulse pair. Here, we demonstrate how the TWINS can be adapted to allow for phase-cycling and experimental access to isolated quantum pathways. These new capabilities are demonstrated by recording rephasing, non-rephasing, zero-quantum and double-quantum 2DES on a molecular J-aggregate. This easy-to-implement extension opens up new experimental possibilities for TWINS-based 2DES in multidimensional all-optical and photoemission spectroscopy and microscopy.