Soft modes in vector spin glass models on sparse random graphs

TL;DR

This study numerically investigates the spectral and localization properties of the Hessian matrix at low-energy minima in vector spin glass models on sparse graphs, revealing critical behaviors and the existence of localized and delocalized soft modes across phase transitions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed numerical analysis of the Hessian spectrum and eigenvector localization in XY and Heisenberg spin glasses, uncovering distinct behaviors at the spin glass transition.

Findings

Spectral density edge behaves as λ^{3/2} in both phases.

Low energy eigenvectors are always localized.

Delocalized low energy modes appear in the Heisenberg model at the transition.

Abstract

We study numerically the Hessian of low-lying minima of vector spin glass models defined on random regular graphs. We consider the two-component (XY) and three-component (Heisenberg) spin glasses at zero temperature, subjected to the action of a randomly oriented external field. Varying the intensity of the external field, these models undergo a zero temperature phase transition from a paramagnet at high field to a spin glass at low field. We study how the spectral properties of the Hessian depend on the magnetic field. In particular, we study the shape of the spectrum at low frequency and the localization properties of low energy eigenvectors across the transition. We find that in both phases the edge of the spectral density behaves as $\lambda^{3/2}$: such a behavior rules out the presence of a diverging spin-glass susceptibility $\chi_{SG}=\langle 1/\lambda^2 \rangle$. As to low energy eigenvectors, we find that the softest eigenmodes are always localized in both phases of the two models. However, by studying in detail the geometry of low energy eigenmodes across different energy scales close to the lower edge of the spectrum, we find a different behavior for the two models at the transition: in the XY case, low energy modes are typically localized; at variance, in the Heisenberg case low-energy eigenmodes with a multi-modal structure (sort of ``delocalization'') appear at an energy scale that vanishes in the infinite size limit. These geometrically non-trivial excitations, which we call Concentrated and Delocalised Low Energy Modes (CDLEM), coexist with trivially localised excitations: we interpret their existence as a sign of critical behavior related to the onset of the spin glass phase.