Precise Tool to Target Positioning Widgets (TOTTA) in Spatial Environments: A Systematic Review
Mine Dastan, Michele Fiorentino, Antonio E. Uva

TL;DR
This systematic review analyzes 70 designs of visual widgets used for precise positioning of tools in mixed reality, highlighting common features, feedback mechanisms, and the lack of standardized testing procedures.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of TOTTA visual widgets, identifying common design patterns and gaps in testing standards across various applications.
Findings
Widgets often use visual overlap and collimation cues
Designs frequently represent tool and target with similar shapes distinguished by topological features
Current testing procedures lack standardization and are biased towards specific participant groups
Abstract
TOTTA outlines the spatial position and rotation guidance of a real/virtual tool (TO) towards a real/virtual target (TA), which is a key task in Mixed Reality applications. The task error can have critical consequences regarding safety, performance, and quality, such as in surgical implantology or industrial maintenance scenarios. The TOTTA problem lacks a dedicated study and is scattered across different domains with isolated designs. This work contributes to a systematic review of the TOTTA visual widgets, studying 70 unique designs from 24 papers. TOTTA is commonly guided by visual overlap an intuitive, pre-attentive 'collimation' feedback of simple-shaped widgets: Box, 3D Axes, 3D Model, 2D Crosshair, Globe, Tetrahedron, Line, and Plane. Our research discovers that TO and TA are often represented with the same shape. They are distinguished by topological elements (e.g., edges,…
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