CAT: Customized Transformer Accelerator Framework on Versal ACAP

TL;DR

This paper introduces the CAT framework for customizing Transformer accelerators on Versal ACAP, achieving significant throughput and energy efficiency improvements over GPUs and FPGAs.

Contribution

It presents a novel framework for designing customizable Transformer accelerators on Versal ACAP, bridging hardware flexibility and model requirements.

Findings

Achieves up to 2.41x throughput gain over Nvidia GPU A10G.

Attains up to 7.80x energy efficiency improvement.

Demonstrates effective hardware-model co-optimization for Transformer acceleration.

Abstract

Transformer uses GPU as the initial design platform, but GPU can only perform limited hardware customization. Although FPGA has strong customization ability, the design solution space is huge and the design difficulty is high. Versal ACAP is a heterogeneous computing architecture with AI Engine as the core. It is far more flexible than GPU in hardware customization, and has better and smaller design solution space than traditional FPGA. Therefore, this paper proposes the Customized Transformer Accelerator Framework(CAT), through the CAT framework, a customized Transformer accelerator family can be derived on Versal ACAP, CAT framework has an abstract accelerator architecture design idea, which deconstructs and efficiently maps the Transformer into the hardware, which contains a variety of customizable properties. Through the customization and optimization strategy of the CAT framework, the underlying hardware and the upper model jointly constrain and decide on these customizable properties, and finally form a customized accelerator. We use a 7 nm AMD Versal ACAP VCK5000 development board to implement accelerators for different Transformer models based on the CAT framework. Experiments show that we achieve the highest throughput gains of 2.41x, 49.50x, and 1.32x compared to 8 nm Nvidia GPU A10G, 16 nm AMD FPGA ZCU102, and 7 nm AMD Versal ACAP VC190(SOTA). The highest energy efficiency gains are 7.80x, 6.19x and 1.15x, respectively.