Neural Laplacian Operator for 3D Point Clouds

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel neural network-based method to learn the Laplacian operator directly on 3D point clouds using KNN graphs and a new training scheme, significantly improving accuracy and robustness over previous approaches.

Contribution

We propose a graph neural network approach with a novel training scheme to learn the Laplacian operator on point clouds, bypassing the need for local triangulation and improving robustness.

Findings

Reduces Laplacian approximation error by an order of magnitude.

Excels in handling sparse point clouds with thin structures or sharp features.

Demonstrates strong generalization to unseen shapes.

Abstract

The discrete Laplacian operator holds a crucial role in 3D geometry processing, yet it is still challenging to define it on point clouds. Previous works mainly focused on constructing a local triangulation around each point to approximate the underlying manifold for defining the Laplacian operator, which may not be robust or accurate. In contrast, we simply use the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) graph constructed from the input point cloud and learn the Laplacian operator on the KNN graph with graph neural networks (GNNs). However, the ground-truth Laplacian operator is defined on a manifold mesh with a different connectivity from the KNN graph and thus cannot be directly used for training. To train the GNN, we propose a novel training scheme by imitating the behavior of the ground-truth Laplacian operator on a set of probe functions so that the learned Laplacian operator behaves similarly to the ground-truth Laplacian operator. We train our network on a subset of ShapeNet and evaluate it across a variety of point clouds. Compared with previous methods, our method reduces the error by an order of magnitude and excels in handling sparse point clouds with thin structures or sharp features. Our method also demonstrates a strong generalization ability to unseen shapes. With our learned Laplacian operator, we further apply a series of Laplacian-based geometry processing algorithms directly to point clouds and achieve accurate results, enabling many exciting possibilities for geometry processing on point clouds. The code and trained models are available at https://github.com/IntelligentGeometry/NeLo.