Spectral analysis of Dirac operators for dislocated potentials with a purely imaginary jump

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive spectral analysis of non-Hermitian Dirac operators with dislocated potentials, explicitly computing the spectrum, pseudospectrum, and their stability under perturbations, including the weakly-coupled case.

Contribution

It introduces explicit formulas for the Green function, characterizes the spectrum and pseudospectrum, and analyzes their stability and asymptotics under small perturbations of the potential.

Findings

Spectrum is purely essential for zero potential.

Sharp enclosures for the pseudospectrum are established.

Discrete spectrum asymptotics are derived under decay conditions.

Abstract

In this paper we present a complete spectral analysis of Dirac operators with non-Hermitian matrix potentials of the form $i\operatorname{sgn}(x)+V(x)$ where $V\in L^1$. For $V=0$ we compute explicitly the matrix Green function. This allows us to determine the spectrum, which is purely essential, and its different types. It also allows us to find sharp enclosures for the pseudospectrum and its complement, in all parts of the complex plane. Notably, this includes the instability region, corresponding to the interior of the band that forms the numerical range. Then, with the help of a Birman-Schwinger principle, we establish in precise manner how the spectrum and pseudospectrum change when $V\not=0$, assuming the hypotheses $\|V\|_{L^1}<1$ or $V\in L^1\cap L^p$ where $p>1$. We show that the essential spectra remain unchanged and that the $\varepsilon$-pseudospectrum stays close to the instability region for small $\varepsilon$. We determine sharp asymptotic for the discrete spectrum, whenever $V$ satisfies further conditions of decay at infinity. Finally, in one of our main findings, we give a complete description of the weakly-coupled model.