The non-relativistic expansion of Dirac-Coulomb energy and the non-retarded Breit interaction correction up to $\alpha^8$order

TL;DR

This paper develops a method for expanding relativistic corrections in Coulomb systems using non-relativistic expansion, enabling high-order calculations for hydrogen and two-electron systems, and clarifies the Breit interaction correction up to order .

Contribution

It introduces iterative equations for high-order relativistic corrections in Coulomb systems and derives the non-retarded Breit interaction correction in a non-relativistic expansion framework.

Findings

Relativistic corrections up to 20 for hydrogen converge rapidly to analytical results.

Iterative equations for two-electron systems enable high-order energy correction calculations.

The 4 correction matches the relativistic correction, clarifying the Breit interaction contribution.

Abstract

The relativistic corrections for the Dirac-Coulomb system are derived through the method of non-relativistic expansion. By expanding the large and small components of the Dirac wave function and the energy eigenvalues in terms of the square of the fine-structure constant $\alpha^2$, we obtain iterative equations for calculating the higher-order relativistic corrections of Coulomb systems. For a single-electron system, the operator results of the iterative equations are consistent with those in the literature Ref[J.Phys.B,At.Mol.Opt.Phys.{\bf 56} 045001]. Using these iterative equations, we numerically calculate the relativistic corrections up to the order of $\alpha^{20}$ for the hydrogen atom, which converge rapidly to the analytical results of the hydrogen atom. For the two-electron Dirac-Coulomb system, we also present iterative equations for calculating high-order energy corrections, as well as numerical energy corrections of ground state up to the order of $\alpha^8$. This work also presents the non-relativistic expansion form of non-retarded Breit interaction correction. The $\alpha^4$ order correction to the Dirac Coulomb energy and non-retarded Breit interaction corresponds precisely to the $\alpha^4$ order relativistic correction. Higher-order expansion terms contribute at even powers of $\alpha$, which represent the contributions from all Coulomb photons and single transverse photons under the non-retarded approximation.